Jefferson
Soil & Water Conservation District
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Tree & Shrub Descriptions & Pictures
Shrubs
American Plum
(Seedlings are Superstock 8”-14”)
A large shrub or small tree (20 to 30 feet tall). It has rapid growth with wide-spreading branches and grows well in outer rows of multiple-row windbreaks. This plum flowers profusely in late spring, making it an attractive addition to any planting. Plums can be used to make jams, jellies, and pies. Its dense growth provides cover and nesting sites for many species of birds.
Chokecherry
(Seedlings are Superstock 8”-12”)
A very hardy, large shrub or small tree, growing fast to a mature height of 10 to 25 feet. This Idaho native, common throughout Idaho, bears white flowers clustered in hanging spikes that later produce dark, purple fruits. The fruits are a wildlife favorite and make good jellies and pies. Because of its dense growth form, chokecherry is an excellent choice for outer rows of multiple-row windbreaks. Wildlife benefit: The fruits are a prime source of food for chipmunks and many songbirds in the fall.
Native Mountain Ash
(Seedlings are Superstock 3”-6”)
A large Shrub (6to 16 Feet tall). white Flower clusters, orange berries, and yellow and orange fall color makws Native Mountain Ash a great landscape shrub. These multiple stem trees provide good cover and nesting sites for birds.
Redosier Dogwood
(Seedlings are Superstock 6”-14”)
7'-10' Very colorful all year with bright red twigs. Winter hardy, shade tolerant and fast growing. Prefers moist soils. White flowers appear in clusters in late May to mid June followed by white berries in the fall. The berries are utilized by birds. Recommended for outer rows of multi-row windbreaks. Also has potential for use as a single-row windbreak where a dense, short barrier is desired.
Purple Lilac
(Seedlings are Superstock 8”-12”)
12'-20', An attractive, winter-hardy, slow growing, suckering, drought-tolerant, medium to tall shrub. Fragrant flowers blossom in May. Attractive green foliage. Recommended for planting in outer rows of multi-row windbreaks. Can be planted in a single-row windbreak where a low, dense barrier is desired.
Siberian Peashrub
(Seedlings are Superstock 7”-12”)
12’-18', Probably the most frost, drought, alkaline-soil resistant shrub suited to Idaho growing conditions. Bright yellow May flowers. Fruits yellow-green, linear pods up to 2 inches long. Ideal for planting in outer rows of multi-row windbreaks or for single row hedges.
Serviceberry
(Seedlings are Superstock 8”-12”)
6’–15’ An Idaho native. Winter hardy, long lived, tolerant to a wide range of environmental conditions. In spring, it has drooping white or pinkish flowers that fade rapidly, replaced with pinkish fruits that turn purple when ripe. Fall red color. High quality plant for wildlife cover and food. Fruit is also edible. Ideal for exterior rows of multiple-row windbreaks.
Arctic Blue Willow
(Seedlings are Superstock 12”-16”)
Shrub 10'-15' Grows into a very dense mound, making it a superb living snow fence. Ideal for planting as a single-row windbreak or in exterior rows of multi-row windbreaks. Rapid growth rate. Prefers moist soils. This dense plant is a fine source of cover for rabbits and birds.
Oakleaf Sumac
(Seedlings are Superstock 12" - 18")
3' - 6', an Idaho native. Sumac is very drought tolerant; it forms clumps and is suited to the outer rows of multiple-row windbreaks. The deep green summer foliage changes to bronzy red in fall, and clusters of red fruit develop in late summer. It prefers a well drained soil. This shrubby growth provides cover for upland game birds, and small animals and songbirds eat the fruits.
Western Sand Cherry (Seedlings are Superstock 10"-16")
3' to 6' Feet tall and is a very hardy shrub. This Cherry withstands heat, cold, wind, and drought. Spring blooming white flowers are replaced with large, purplish, sweet cherries good for jams, jellies, and pies. glossy foliage make it a nice ornamental. this species will do well in the outer rows of multiple-row windbreaks. The cherries provide a great food source for many species of birds.
Trees
Honey Crisp Apple
(5 Gallon Container 4'-5')
Semi-dwarf tree grows 15' - 20' tall. The Honey Crisp Apple has become increasingly popular over the past few years. It has an explosive crisp texture and well balanced sweet / tart flavor. The Honey Crisp is a medium size apple that ripens in late September. It is predominantly red over a yellow background.
McIntosh Apple
(5 Gallon Container 4' - 5')
Semi-dwarf tree grows 15' - 20' tall. The McIntosh apple is known for making especially good applesauce. This is a large, bright red apple with thin, smooth skin. The crisp juicy fine white flesh with pink streaks is an old-time favorite. These trees are extremely hardy and very productive.
Quaking Aspen
(Seedlings are Superstock 8”-14”)
About 40’, Idaho native, grows quickly. The limbs and trunk are smooth, white to light-green to gray in color. Leaves are round and “quake” or flutter in even a slight breeze and turn a splendid golden color in fall. Cold hardy and not too particular about soil. Sends up suckers.
Bur Oak
(Seedlings are Superstock 8”-14”)
60’-75’ - 30-foot spread. Rugged and tolerant of adverse conditions. Its leaves are large (8-10 inches) with deep lobes. Seedlings grown from acorns collected near Filer, Idaho. Moderate drought tolerance. Slow growth first 2 to 3 years when taproot is developing. Squirrels, chipmunks, deer, birds, and turkeys eat the acorns
Rocky Mountain Juniper
(Seedlings are Superstock 12”-14”)
20'-30', Idaho native, long-lived, winter hardy, medium to rapid growth rate. Highly drought tolerant (12-26” water requirement). Grows in a wide range of soils. It forms a very dense, symmetrical crown and is a superior small tree for windbreaks in this region. This species is known for its uniform broad conical shape, vigorous growth, and greater than average foliage density. Important source of food, shelter, and nesting for numerous birds, mammals, big horn sheep, and deer.
Austrian Pine
(Seedlings are Superstock approx. 10”)
40'-60' A long-lived, winter hardy tree. It grows well on a wide variety of soils, but requires supplemental watering (35-50”). Has a fast rate of growth, growing 18-24 inches a year once established. It has a dense, dark green crown. Excellent windbreak tree because it holds its lower branches very well. As a young tree, it has a pyramidal form and in maturity develops a round, flat-topped head.
Ponderosa Pine
(Seedlings are Superstock 8”-12”)
60’-80’, Idaho native withstands hot, dry sites well. Fast growth rate, 18-24 inches a year once established. Adapts to a variety of soil conditions but must have good drainage and full sunlight. Many consider this pine to be the most reliable evergreen for windbreaks. Provides excellent cover, food and nesting sites for much wildlife.
Hybrid Siouxland Poplar
(Seedlings are Bareroot 12”-24”)
60'-80', Very fast growing, seedless hybrid. Tolerates alkaline conditions. Requires deep moist soils or supplemental irrigation for fast growth. Will survive in dry conditions. Large glossy leaves. Because of its rapid growth, has been utilized to provide early windbreak protection.
Blue or Green Spruce
(Seedlings are Superstock approx. 12”)
50'-60', An attractive, hardy, long-lived tree grows unusually slow the first 1-3 years after planting, but has a medium growth rate after that. Its crown is very dense with attractive pyramidal form. It prefers deep, moist, well drained soils but will grow well on other soils if sufficient moisture (20-45”) is available. The color varies from green to blue. It makes an excellent windbreak species and traps and holds snow well.
